Dissertation Essay Example

Dissertation Essay Example Dissertation Essay Dissertation Essay Transport influences human access to different goods and services and enhances the capabilities to meet different welfare objectives. Transport improves human welfare by enhancing social inclusion whereby individuals travel to participate in social functions and social agenda (Lyons 2004:485). The transport sector has significant influence on other economic sectors globally, such as healthcare, employment, education, housing and business and industry. Improved transport enhances poverty elimination efforts by increasing access to income generating activities, education and healthcare services (Lyons 2004: 486; Currie 2010: 31). Classic public policy goals for transport systems in different countries have hefted beyond facilitating mobility and accessibility and encompass economic, environmental and social outcome elements which form the end result of governance goal in the new millennia (Currie 2010:31). Crustaceans and Boric (2007: 31) emphasize the role of transport in facilitating economic and social integration resulting from enhanced mobility and connecting communities to crucial social amenities and services such as education and health services. Under the economic dimension, transport systems are expected to minimize traffic congestion and promote dynamic urban economies. This is especially characteristic in the Northern American transport systems where cost-effectiveness is heavily emphasized in public transport systems (Currie 2010:32; Lyons 2004: 486). Environmental consciousness emphasizes the need for sustainable development in public transport systems as a means of meeting the Kyoto protocol emission targets while the social dimension calls for improved safety in public transport systems as a means of ensuring safe modes of mobility (Currie 2010:32). Lyons (2004: 490) emphasizes the need for sustainable development in the transport industry as a means of creating better quality life, currently and in the future. Moreover, stakeholders within the transport sectors are charged with the responsibility of fostering trade and competitiveness in order to stimulate growth and enhance resource efficiency. Public transport systems therefore play a significant role in national and the global economy. The world economy has become more globalizes characterized by increased economic integration and cooperation, cross-border interchange of policies, transfer of cultures, discourses of power, knowledge transfer and establishment of a global market. Globalization has significant political, social and economic implications on sectional economies (AY-Roadman Stonemason, 2006: 5). Abraham (2005:1) emphasizes the role of globalization in enhancing global integration, in aspects such as trade, national economies and capital flows by creating an autonomous global production, distribution and consumption system. This has led to trade liberalizing in different national economies as governments acknowledge the significance of the global economic system in fast tracking national fiscal growth and development. Computer influenced globalization by facilitating easier global transport and communication. The air transport sector has significantly benefited from integration of computer technologies for improving communication and efficiency leading to improved quality of life, economy and environmental impacts (Bimodal, 2012: 26). Air transport has enhanced easier transport and communication thus facilitating market penetration, increased trade and competition which have amplified efficiency and specialization leading to economic growth (Crustaceans Boric 2007: 31). Crustaceans and Boric, emphasize the role of globalization as a key driver of growth in the air transport sector. Cross investment across countries has created the need for enhanced labor mobility which is provided by air transport with airports providing connectivity and accessibility necessary for the growth of the modern society and economy. Further, airports have far reaching social and economic impacts on the set up regions characterized with easier air service accessibility and promotion of regional business. Airports serve as commercial entities and generate returns through on site economic activities such as force exchange, duty free shops, Jewelry shops, banks and coffee shops among other economic activities (Crustaceans Boric 2007: 34). The Air Transport Action Group (2005: 2) emphasized the economic and social benefits of air transport. The task force viewed air transport as the only means of transport that efficiently provides a worldwide transportation network required for global business and tourism. The air transport sector transports annually transports an estimated 2 billion passengers, 40% interregional goods and accounts for 40% of the recorded international tourism. The sector further accounts for 29 million employment opportunities generated through direct, indirect, stimulated and catalytic impacts on other economic sectors. The social impacts associated with air transport include improvement of quality of life by broadening the scope of leisure activities and human cultural experiences. Air transport provides a wider choice of holiday destinations by serving as an affordable way of vacationing in distant places. Through tourism and related benefits air transport assists in improving the standards of living and poverty alleviation by enhancing the social inclusion of remote areas in the economic, social and political agenda. These factors further leads to sustainable development (The Air Transport Action Group 2005: 2). The industry has been in the forefront in championing and taking steps towards environmental conservation through noise reduction measures, adoption of fuel- efficient engines and reduction of carbon emissions (The Air Transport Group 2005: 3). 1. 2 Background of the Study The business environment continues to be more challenging with time as characterized by increased competition and economic downturns among others. Modern corporations are challenged by dynamic aspects of the business operational environment for example markets, tight schedules, risks and uncertainties, technology and task complexities (Dillon 2002; 12). The challenges in the business operating environment require organizations to enhance efficiency and operational effectiveness in order to survive harsh economic times. This is achieved through adoption of novel technology for transforming business operations and ensuring continuous innovations for influencing business operations holistically (Sheboygan organizational competitiveness and serves as a stimulant towards creation of global institutions, attracting best employees, reinforcing corporate ambition and fostering the implementation of new ideas in order to break existing or perceived boundaries. The challenges in the business environment further demand strategic management based on identification of organizational goals, formulation of strategic policies and plans and employment of sufficient resources towards meeting organizational goals and objectives (Radian, Jake, Hassling Alumina 2009:402). Airports are not excluded from the challenging business operational environment and therefore require proper leadership and operational efficiency and effectiveness for survival in the air transport industry. Lyons (2004: 490) emphasizes the need for strategies for overcoming the challenges faced in the transport sector through adoption of tragic transport policies in the new age. Lyons further calls for upholding the social agenda or social capital in the political and public agenda with regards to the transport sector. The author emphasizes the need for developing transport in a manner which supports the society as dictated by policy aspirations and fostering environmental conservation through proper precautionary measures for preventing environmental degradation. This calls for strategic and Joined-up thinking between governments and transport experts in order to effectively link the transport sector with the needs of the society (Lyons 2004: 490). Currie (2010; 31) emphasizes the need for proper governance and management of public transport systems through the involvement of key stakeholders in development of transport policy programs through a coordinated approach where decisions are based on scientific knowledge. The public sector serves as the central mode of providing services in developing and develops nations (Chickening, 2013: 1). However, the public sector is accused of deeply entrenched inefficiency which has led to increased vaporization of public corporations. Public corporations are associated with inefficiency due to failure in Eng term management, poor quality services and protection by governments (Barter Harrison 2005: 137). The inefficiencies associated with public entities emanate from lack of clearly defined performance measures, poor evaluations, deeply entrenched corruption practices resource limitations and complexities in identifying the effects of adopted institutional reforms (Christine, Linton Command 2007:32). Most nations are unable to finance, develop or maintain national airports and view vaporization as an effective strategy towards development of new airports and maintenance of old ones (Craig, 1999: 1). Researchers have called for improvement of efficiency in the public sector. Public organizations and service providers worldwide are under increased pressure to advance efficiency through provision of improved and integrated services (Chickening 2013; 3). Christine, Linton Command (2007: 2) calls for improvement of efficiency in the public sector by reforming key institutional arrangements through diverse approaches such as increased devolution and decentralization, enhancing competitive pressures, changing workforce structures and adopting result oriented measures. Infrastructural developments including development of airports have en the liability of public agencies whose funding results from capital funds collected through taxation, issuing of public bonds and the operational costs offset by collected revenues or through the taxation system (Chickening 2013: 3). Viability of financing major projects through tax revenues (Chickening 2013: 3). Moreover, the inefficiency in the government sector has led to vaporization of airports, globally. Countries such as the I-J, Australia, Columbia, and Thailand have privatized their airports. However, in some countries governments still own most airports. In 2006, private investors owned and m anaged only 2% of all commercial airports in the world (Frost Sullivan, 2006, Para. 5). In some countries such as Australia, the airports are sold on long-term leases of 50 years (Keynote Beck, 2009, p. 02). In other countries such as the I-J, the airports are fully privatized by being listed in the stock exchange market. The vaporization has increased the profits in most countries prompting vaporization of additional airports (Musketeer Aphids, 2013, Para. 9). Mum, Adler and You (2006: 126) emphasize the shift from government operated airports to vaporization as a wide world trend with the exception of airports in the United States. Most of the airports in different countries operate autonomously with more airports expected to be privatized in the future (Craig, 1999:2). Craig, perceived the involvement of the private sector in development and operation of airports as a commonly accepted concept. Governments therefore sign agreements with development consortia for construction and operation of airports for a mutually agreed time period (Craig, 1999: 2). Chickening (2013: 4) argue that tapping private sector capital resources provides a means of promoting development of public infrastructure and facilitating the implementation of required capital projects. Vaporization of public enterprises acts as a significant policy in developed and developing nations which is placed in the context of broad-based approach for achieving economic De-regulation together with other strategies such as trade liberalizing and enhancing market access. The airport vaporization debate is based on pure economic necessities and changes in perceptions towards development policies as the private sector is viewed as more efficient and profitable (Christine, Linton Command 2007:1). Airports are also privatized as a means of enhancing easier access to private sector financing and investment (Mum, Adler You 2006: 126). However, the motives for airport vaporization and centralization differ across countries depending on the adopted approach towards institutional restructuring (Mum, Adler You 2006: 126). 1. 3 Problem Statement Vaporization of airports has significant operational and economic impacts. Studies have highlighted that government owned airports are less efficient as compared to privatized airports (Mum, Adler You 2006: 127). Cavalier and Corroborates (2008: 1) view vaporization as a means of reducing government budget deficits, fostering financial development and improving efficiency. It is agreed that privatized airports attain significantly higher operating profit margins as compared to government operated airports. This is attributed to engagement in non-aviation related activities and services which generate additional revenues. This is also associated with increased vaporization of government operated airports (Mum, Adler You 2006: 127). Mum, Adler and You (2006: 127) emphasize that government operated airports are run by bureaucrats with the aim of maximizing the objective function subjective to social welfare and personal agendas while privatized airports are strategically managed to enhance performance. This assertion has however been refuted by other researchers vaporization of airports in different areas of the globe (Christine, Linton Command, 2007:7). Cavalier and Corroborates (2008:2) attribute this to lack of conclusive empirical evidence on the impacts of change in ownership especially in relation to vaporization. Mum, Adler and You (2006: 128) assert the lack of conclusive research on the impacts of vaporization on airports. Cavalier and Corroborates (2008:1) further argue that improvement in productive efficiency does not imply improvements in locative efficiency. Moreover, complexities are experienced in disintegrating the effects of vaporization from the impacts of related fiscal policies such as liberalizing and regulatory changes (Cavalier Corroborates, 2008:2; Mum, Adler You 2006: 128). There is therefore need to close the research gap by investigating the impacts of vaporization on airports. 1. 4 Purpose of the Study Nations have adopted the trend of vaporization of airports with the aim of reducing government deficits, improving efficiency and fostering development (Cavalier Corroborates 2008:1; Christine, Linton Command, 2007:2; Mum, Adler You 2006: 128). The literature on impacts of vaporization on airports is however inconclusive (Cavalier Corroborates 2008:2; Christine, Linton Command, 2007:7; Mum, Adler You 2006; 128). This creates a need to explore the impacts of vaporization on airports. This study aimed to close the research gap by exploring the impacts of vaporization on airports. The study specifically focused on the impact of airport vaporization on the profit level, profitability, completion levels and aeronautical tariffs in the airline industry. 1. 5 Research Objectives To achieve the purpose highlighted above, the study was guided by the following pacific research objectives: 1 . To determine the impact of airport vaporization on the profit level of the airline industry. . To determine the effect of airport vaporization on the efficiency of the industry 3. To evaluate the impact of airport vaporization on the level of competition in the airline industry 4. To evaluate the effect of airport vaporization on the aeronautical tariffs 1. 6 Research Questions The study was guided by the following research questions: 1. What is the effect of the vaporization of airports on their profitability? 2 . How goes the vaporization of airports affect the operating efficiency of the airline industry? . How is the level of competition in the airline industry affected by the vaporization of airports? 4. What effect does the vaporization of airports have on the price of air travel paid by customers? 1. 7 Research Methodology The study adopted a mixed methods design incorporating both quantitative and qualitative designs. The quantitative design adopted an ex post facto research approach for examining the relationship between the vaporization of airports and the economic variables mentioned above. Quantitative data was collected from secondary sources such as books, Journals, newspaper articles, periodicals and web documents highlighting the performance of airports before and after vaporization. Government documents of countries which have done airport vaporization will also be used for the study. The ex facto research approach enabled the researcher to meet the study needs where accurate an experimental approach is not possible significant information on vaporization of airports and assist in establishing a simple cause-effect relationship between vaporization and the highlighted variables (p. 09). The ex factor research approach while non-experimental assisted the researcher to arrive at unbiased conclusions (Cottrell Mckenzie 2010: 9). The qualitative design was used to acquire primary data from 20 managers in the airline industry. The qualitative approach focused on acquiring the perspectives of managers within the industry on the impacts of vaporization on the mentioned study variables. The primary data was collected through a self administered semi-structured questionnaire. A qualitative design assists in capturing human feelings, attitudes and perspectives on the research phenomenon. The qualitative approach unlike the inattentive approach brought out the human feelings towards vaporization of airports. The mixed method design facilitated a holistic approach towards establishing the effects of vaporization of airports leading to balanced, unbiased and objective conclusions. 1. 8 Significance of the Study The research may be useful to policy makers in the government to determine whether it is economically advisable to privatized government owned airports. The research weighs on the costs and benefits that would result from such a move. The study may also inform strategic decision in the airline industry especially in nations which are anticipating vaporization of the airports by highlighting the effects of vaporization on profitability, competition, efficiency and flight prices. In addition, the research will assist private investors in knowing the impacts of vaporization on airline efficiency, competitiveness, profitability and cost of flight travel. The study may therefore inform the investment decisions of potential investors by informing them on the profitability of investment in airports. The study will also provide significant insights to students in management and especially aviation management on the effects of government vaporization policy on the airline industry. 2. 0 Literature Review Traditionally airports around the globe were managed and operated by governments as they form a significant part of the national aviation system and are perceive as public utilities (Marino 2008:5). Airport operation and handling activities were not traditionally perceived as above commercial activities (Marino 2008: 5). Airport operational activities were therefore under public authorities charged with the role of managing airport assets and property while other commercial aspect activities were outsourced to private entities. Although public ownership of airports is still being used in few parts of the world most airports around the globe have been privatized (Marino 2008: 5). Historically, governments around the globe are characterized with adoption of simple but revolutionary policy innovations. Airport vaporization is among such policies which have transformed the modulus operandi in airports around the globe. In 1987 Margaret Thatcher privatized the British Airports awakening the aviation industry to the idea that vaporization opened up the tremendous but untapped potential of revenue generation and efficiency gains in the here London Airports of Heathers, Catwalk and Standee, Southampton and three other airports in Scotland (Craig 1999:11). Since then British Aviation Authority has developed through investments in airports around the globe such as Ferrying airport, a major airport in Hungary and has also reflected on taking on trade agreements at Boston Logan International Airport and Baltimore-Washington International Airport through its subsidiary BAA USA (Boney 2007: 4). The vaporization of the British Airports Authority was sequenced by airport vaporization recess in other countries such as Austria whose Vienna Airport which entered the Vienna Stock Exchange in 1992 followed by other two Danish airports which were commercialese as Copenhagen Airports Ltd and entered the Copenhagen Stock Exchange by 1994 (Divan 1999:1). Belgium formed a corporation for owning the Brussels airport terminal while New Zealand privatized three international airports (Boney 2007: 4). The United Kingdoms Northern Ireland based Belfast International Airport was privatized while Australia privatized 22 airports to the countrys Federal Airport Corporation (FACE) in 1994. In Northern America, Canada created the Vancouver Airport Services (WARS) which is charged with the responsibility of managing 18 airports in the country, Dominican Republic, Greece Jamaica and Chile. By the year 2007, one or more of 39 countries airports had been privatized (Boney 2007: 5). In the United States airports are partially privatized as characterized by management and operation by local, federal or the central government corporations or independent airport authorities possessed by the local, federal and the central government. Airlines are highly involved in the management f airports within the United States, making the airports appear more privatized. Full vaporization is hindered by the dependence on federal grants emanating from the FAA airport improvement program. Full vaporization of airports within the United States can only occur where the private owners are willing and able to reimburse the federal grants (Boney 2007:5). 2. 2 Forms of Airport Vaporization Airport vaporization takes different forms such as direct control and management through civil aviation administration, through specific ministerial units, through congenial or municipal government levels, through specific and financially and operationally autonomous government bodies, through autonomous corporations established through special statutes and through companies established under company law (Marino 2008: 5). Vaporization of public airports to autonomous bodies is aided by sale of concessions to private sector entities such as developers, financiers or consortium of operators charged with the responsibility of operating or developing an airport for a pre-determined and mutually agreed number of years (Craig 1999; 4). Marino (2008: 6) characterize such as concessions as management entrants where the management of entire airport systems shifts to the private sector for a pre-determined period of time. The private sector corporations however pay a fee to the government through fixed professional fees, or percentages of the gross revenues or profits collected from the airports, proportions of savings resulting from use of the airports or from generated additional revenues (p. 6). Airports are also privatized through sale of concession to private sector entities charged with the role of developing and operating a system of several airports on behalf of stipulated

Native Elements List

Native Elements List Native elements are chemical elements that occur in nature in an uncombined or pure form. Although most elements are found only in compounds, a rare few are native. For the most part, native elements also form chemical bonds and occur in compounds. Here is a list of these elements: Native Elements That Are Metals Ancient man was familiar with several pure elements, mainly metals. Several of the noble metals, such as gold and platinum, exist free in nature. The gold group and platinum group, for example, are all elements that exist in the native state. The rare earth metals are among elements that do not exist in native form. Aluminum - AlBismuth - Â  BiCadmium - CdChromium - CrCopper - CuGold - AuIndium - InIron - FeIridium - IrLead - PbMercury - HgNickel - NiOsmium - OsPalladium - PdPlatinum - PtRhenium - ReRhodium - RhSilver - AgTantalum - TaTin - SnTitanium - TiVanadium - VZinc - Zn Native Elements That Are Metalloids or Semimetals Antimony - SbArsenic - AsSilicon - SiTellurium - Te Native Elements That Are Nonmetals Note gases are not listed here, even though they may exist in pure form. This is because gases are not considered minerals and also because they freely mix with other gases, so you are unlikely to encounter a pure sample. However, the noble gases do not readily combine with other elements, so you might consider them native in that respect. The noble gases include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. Similarly, diatomic gases, such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are not considered native elements. Carbon - CSelenium - SeSulfur - S Native Alloys In addition to elements that occur in the native state, there are a few alloys also found free in nature: BrassBronzeElectrumGerman SilverGold-Mercury AmalgamPewterSilver-Mercury AmalgamWhite Gold The native alloys and other native metals were mankinds only access to metals prior to the development of smelting, which is believed to have begun around 6500 BC. Even though metals were known before this, they typically occurred in very small quantities, so they were not available to most people.

Weekly ass. #3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Weekly ass. #3 - Essay Example This has changed the dynamics of a workplace. Workers can communicate with their counterparts in different parts of the world instantaneously without distance being a barrier. Also they can access software programs, company records located in different locations at will with the right authorisations. Today’s businesses can have a global workplace spread across different countries and perform their activities and services as though it was all at one location (Guffey et al., 2009; 70). E-commerce has matured in a great way and made it possible not only for service-based companies but also product-based companies to bring down the boundary barriers. Physical presence is no more a necessity (Steinfield et al., 2001). With virtual presence businesses can now handle all activities. Even product delivery (of tangible goods) can be fulfilled with the assistance of logistics suppliers and courier services. This means a company located in one part of the world can have a product delivered to another part with just having a virtual presence. An example of this is the outsourcing of customer support centres. Customer support centres are very important for any business to satisfy the customers. Unlike the past, customer support centres are no more needed to be in parent country but can be located in any part of the world and still function effectively. Steinfield, Charles, Harry Bouwman, and Thomas Adelaar. "Combining Physical and Virtual Channels: Opportunities, Imperatives and Challenges." MSU. N.p., 25 Jun 2001. Web. 7 Feb 2012.

Critique of Kokomo sung by the Beach Boys Essay

Critique of Kokomo sung by the Beach Boys - Essay Example Mike Love added the "Aruba, Jamaica" part and changed the line "Thats where we used to go" to "Thats where we want to go."† (par. 5). The song was played in the movie Cocktail which featured Tom Cruise. It was ranked number 1 in the US Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles (DeKnock, 1988). The pitch is an element of tone, determined by the frequency of vibration (Free Dictionary, par. 1). The song was delivered in well balanced vocal tones and vibration accompanied by steel drums, acoustic guitar, bass and saxophone. The pitch of the voice of singers, Mike Love and Carl Wilson, were harmonious and well blended. The intensity or loudness was average with vocals and instrumentation concocted to arrive at a unified musical structure. High quality exudes from the distinctive overtones heard from the drums at the background and the guitar. In an article written by Jones on Understanding Vibrato, he defined vibrato as "slight variation of pitch resulting from the free oscillation of the vocal cords". This free oscillation of the vocal cords results from (1) an open pharynx or what many call the "open throat" along with (2) healthy "closure of the cords" I consider that vibrato is a result of these two opposites working together: open throat and closed cords. (3) Another majo r factor to be considered in regard to vibrato is the even sub-glottic breath pressure.

Becoming An Effective Hospice Nurse Nursing Essay

Becoming An Effective Hospice Nurse Nursing Essay Hospice nursing is an occupation that few people know about. Although the process of getting into this occupation is quite simple, there is a lot of work to be done in this growing field. Almost anyone can get a degree in nursing, but it takes a special kind of person to be a hospice nurse. This is because hospice nurses deal with the emotions the come with caring for terminally ill patients every day. How to Become an Effective Hospice Nurse Hospice nursing is an occupation that many people dont know about, although it deserves as much credit and awareness as any other nursing position. Many hospice nurses go to great lengths and make huge sacrifices in order to get this position, and the process to do so is very intricate and can be confusing. Nursing is a profession that takes a special kind of person, especially hospice nursing, because their job is to assist a patient and the patients family through a death. In todays healthcare situation, there is a rapidly increasing shortage of nurses. This is due to the fact that most registered nurses are retiring all at once, and there is no one there to fill their shoes. It is not uncommon to go to the doctors office and not give a second thought to the nurse seen before and after the doctor. This is part of what makes hospice nurses different. They form a close relationship with not only the patient, but the family as well. As with any medical profession, it can be difficult to understand how a person went about obtaining their career. There are many routes available, along with characteristics that make up a good hospice nurse. Essential Question How does a person become an effective hospice nurse? Supporting Questions What schooling is required, and what kind of classes should be taken? What kind of certification is needed, and how is it obtained? What is the job outlook, and why is it like this? How will having certain characteristics and specific skills benefit? What schooling is required, and what kind of classes should be taken? To be accepted into nursing school, a person has to have a high school diploma. Taking classes in math, biology, and chemistry while in high school help build a strong application, as well as being able to speak a foreign language. Someone looking into being a registered nurse can choose one of three options when it comes to finding a program. The first option is to get a four-year bachelors of science degree in nursing. This is offered by more than 700 colleges. The second option is to get either a two-year or a three-year associate degree in nursing, and this is possible at 850 community colleges. The final alternative would be to go through one of the 70 diploma programs available at some hospitals, which takes about three years (Education and Training, 2009, p.3). Regardless of which path is chosen, all nursing education will involve supervised clinical and classroom instruction. Anatomy, physiology, microbiology, chemistry, nutrition, psychology, and behavioral sciences are some of the classes that are commonly taken by nursing students (Paying Your Dues, 2010, p.1). It is important to take math, biology, and chemistry in high school because even if they cant be taken as college credit, they are still crucial preparatory classes. They will serve as the basic foundation for starting out in nursing education. Being able to speak a foreign language is helpful as well, because people from all backgrounds and cultures need medical help and deserve the right to speak in their own language. This is especially true in the hospice area of nursing because most patients are being taken care of in their own homes, and need the comfort of not having to be stressed about what languages their nurse can or cannot speak. One of a nurses main duties is to serve as a central communicator between the doctor and patient. The best option to choose when picking a nursing program is getting a four-year bachelors of science degree (BSN). It used to be that a nurse with an associate degree could get a job at almost any hospital. However, times are changing and it is now p referred that nurses have a four-year BSN. It is important for all of the programs to have experiences in clinics in all different settings because it provides students with a chance to learn about multiple areas of healthcare. For instance, a person could be planning to have a career in geriatrics, but after spending hours at a nursing home for a clinical, they might completely change their mind. What kind of certification is needed, and how is it obtained? In the United States, all hospice nurses must be registered nurses in addition to being certified by their states health department as a hospice worker. In order to become a registered nurse, a person must take and pass a national examination after graduating from a school of nursing (Education and Training, 2009, p.3). This examination is called the National Council Licensure Examination, or NCLEX-RN (Licensing and Certification, 2010, p.7). It is mandatory for all registered nurses to renew their license periodically, and some states require continuing education. This test is administered electronically, and is multiple-choice. Students usually begin studying for it in their final year of nursing school. Results are sent by mail and arrive five to eight weeks after the testing date. Being certified by the state health department as a hospice worker is important because it ensures that only nurses trained for this field will be entering palliative situations. If this requirement wasnt in place, any registered nurse could go into a home and perform hospice work. It is because of this rule that patients and families can feel confident that they will receive the best care. The National council Licensure Examination helps weed out the students who arent quite ready to start their career in nursing, and need a little more time to study. The students who dont pass can continue to study and try again the next time the test is administered. What is the job outlook, and why is it like this? Registered nurses have more than 2.5 million jobs in the United States. This is expected to hold through and only increase until at least the year 2016. The growth of healthcare in general and the needs of a quickly growing and aging population will raise the demand for registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics says that more new jobs are to be created for registered nurses than for any other occupation (Employment Outlook, 2010, p.4). The number of elderly is increasing rapidly, which creates many new jobs for hospice nurses. Another reason is because patients are becoming more and more okay with the idea of in-home care, and are actually starting to prefer it. Technology is supporting this by allowing nurses to deliver complex treatments away from hospitals. As interest in the field of hospice nursing grows, so do the opportunities. Right now there are two programs in the United States that provide masters degrees that focus on hospice care. One is at New York University, and the other is at Ursuline College, which is in Pepper Pike, Ohio. However, once this career takes off, there will hopefully be more masters degree programs available that specialize in hospice nursing. How will having certain characteristics and specific skills benefit? Hospice nursing includes 24-hour availability, pain management, and family support combined with compassionate listening and counseling skills (Hospice/palliative care nurses, p. 1) . According to Theresa Valiga: Nursing is a profession that challenges a person intellectually, physically, and emotionally. But it is also a profession that is incredibly rewarding. Nurses are with people during every major life event from birth to death. They have the privilege of being quite intimate with strangers. They are well-respected and they make a real difference in the lives of people and communities. Who could ask for more from a career? (p. 1) Like she said, a hospice nurse needs to not only be able to handle the physical stress of the everyday work, but also the emotional stress. One of the main goals of hospice nursing is to find out the patients last wishes and make sure they are carried through and communicated to the family (A. Fredericks, personal interview, December 9, 2010). On average, hospice patients die within a month of enrolling in a hospice program. Because of this fact, hospice nurses need to have skills to deal with spiritual and culturally sensitive patients. They also need to be able to lift patients or help them bath, sit up, get out of bed, or walk. Sometimes the patients are moody, confused, and uncooperative. Communication is a huge key in hospice nursing, because it is the nurses job to observe the patients condition and report it to the doctors, as well as the patients emotional needs and wishes to the family. How does a person become an effective hospice nurse? The first step to becoming an effective hospice nurse is getting a bachelors of science degree from a four-year nursing program. After that, the National Counsel Licensure Examination needs to be passed, as well as registering with a state health department as a hospice worker. A masters degree may be obtained specializing in palliative care. Amy Fredericks, a hospice worker encourages nursing students to continue on past their registered nursing licenses while they are free and not tied down by family and career (Personal interview, December 9, 2010). An effective hospice nurse can walk out the door at the end of the day and know they made a difference, whether it be through making someone smile or teaching a family member how to care for their loved one. As a hospice nurse, it is important to be caring, compassionate, and knowledgeable in order to provide the best care for the patient. Annotated Bibliography Hospice/palliative care nurses. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nursesource.org/hospice.html. This source have me specific information about hospice nursing and more details on the day to day experiences. Hospice nurse. (2010, April 14). Retrieved from http://www.princetonreview.com/Careers.aspx?cid=177. This source was helpful because it talked about the educational steps needed in order to become a hospice nurse. Kathy, Initials. (2009, January 7). Home health nursing. Retrieved from ultimatenurse.com/171. This source provided me with information about how hospice nurses serve as the prime communicators between doctors and patients. Occupational outlook handbook. (2009, December 17). Retrieved from http://bls.gov.oco.ocos083.htm. This source helped me see the statistics from the Bureau of Labor and analyze the outlook for hospice nurses. Registered professional nurses. (2009, February). This source provided me with information about the working conditions of registered nurses as well as education and training and personal qualifications.

Positive effects of video games on children Essay

The video games are well known for their anti-social and violent influence in our children’s attitudes. But some research has proven that these negative effects are due to the children’s excessive playing time, and more and more studies are being made to prove that the video games can be an excellent tool for children’s hand-eye coordination, their problem solving and analytical skills, and they can also help children in the social domain. We can see some really good positive effects of video games on our children. The first one would be the improvement of the hand-eye coordination. A player has to watch on the screen while simultaneously, he is pushing the button of his joystick to make moves. It also increases the speed, the agility of a person to respond to a stimulus, and moreover, it helps to improve the motor capacity of a person. We can specially illustrate this idea with the console wii, which has been released and built a couple of years ago by the brand Nintendo. With its new gaming system, the wii has revolutionned the world of the video games. Before the wii came out, the gaming system consisted only of pushing on a couple of buttons in order to make the moves in the game. But the concept of the wii is different, it consists of producing our own movement with the remote of the wii in order to make the moves in the game. It has been so successful, that even some hospitals are using the wii to hill, to re-educate the persons who suffer from some kind of cardiac accidents, cerebral accidents, or just to re-educate the people who had an operation. Another impressive positive effect of the video games is that they allow somehow, the children to improve their problem-solving, management, analytical and additional skills without children even realizing it. The need for these skills are obvious for a player because sometimes, even the most simple game ( like a shooter game ).

Growing Up With a Single Mother - 703 Words

People all grow up in different places, around different people, under different circumstance and, all of these cause different effects on their lives. People are who they are today because of the experiences that they faced. Until I was a teenager, it was always just my mom and I. I never met my â€Å"dad†, not even from day one. I never was able to get to know him, or see him, but I did have a mom. I faced the odds of becoming the stereotypical kid with a single parent that went down the wrong path, but I never did. Life caused me to have a single mother that has made me the strong person that I am today. Watching my mother live from pay check to pay check when I was young was difficult. It was always hard for my mom to keep up with other parents but, she still somehow managed to get me everything I wanted, and more. Even though I was too young to understand, I could feel the stress, and the struggles my mom faced every day. She was only 20 years old when I was born and, bec ause of that she had no choice but to grow up fast. At such a young age, I saw the effects of being a single parent, and the ways it changed my mom. She not only had to be a young mother but, she had to find a way to replace the void of a father, or a father figure in my life. My mom was strong, independent and courageous. Growing up watching her live her dreams under all the circumstances she faced, made me want to strive for a better life for myself. Seeing how hard is was to live and to have enoughShow MoreRelatedSingle Parent Homes Essay1298 Words   |  6 Pages Single Parent Homes A single parent is one who is living without a spouse and/or partner. This individual takes on all of the daily responsibilities that comes with raising a child(ren). Furthermore, consider the single parent the one who provides solely for the child as they are the ones with them most of the time throughout the stint of their entire life. Even when discussing the separation of parents and/or divorce, children live with one parent who is also known as the custodial parent. WhileRead MoreThe Impact Of Single Parenting On Children1494 Words   |  6 Pages This paper explains the impact of single parenting on children in the Unites States .Over the years the â€Å"normal family† form has changed due to the increase in the numbers of children born outside of marriages and the increase in divorce rates. Now many children live in households other than the two-parent household. Single-parenting is the lifestyle chosen by many parents, though the majority of single-parent household s are regulated by the mother. Research shows there are many different effectsRead MoreChildren Growing Up Into Single Family Homes1541 Words   |  7 PagesThrough many years, children growing up in single family homes has been discovered as problems. â€Å"At first glance, defending single mothers and their children. Raised by a strong and resourceful single mother, I turned out OK† (Wilcox). Being raised up with one parent seems to be stressful and impossible, but for decades its become possible to happen. In the society today, there are children growing up overcoming emotional stages and achieving their goals whether if they have both parents to showRead MoreHow Welfare Has Changed From The Colonial Period862 Words   |  4 Pagesof this social problem. I will discuss the essence of poverty as a social problem and how that has affected how welfare is distributed among single mothers. Some factors that contributed to this social problem are the economy and he increasing amount of people who lived in poverty. The government felt that it was necessary to be proactive about the growing issue of poverty. The government was also taking a look at how money was being spent and how that contributed to the nation’s debt. 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In most cases, it is usually the father that is not present, particularly in African American homes. â€Å"In the United States today, 16,334,000 children under age 18 live in single mother homes,† (Fluty 4). Single parent homes affect children psychology producing negative effects on the child’s esteem, behavior, as well as education. Fatherless homes also take a greater toile particularly on boys, rather than girls. Growing up in a single parentRead MoreChris Polito. Paola Brown. Eng102. 25 March 2008. Single1263 Words   |  6 PagesMarch 2008 Single Parent Struggle For many years, children growing up in a single parent family have been viewed as different. Being raised by only one parent seems impossible to many yet over the decades it has become more prevalent. In today’s society many children have grown up to become emotionally stable and successful whether they had one or two parents to show them the rocky path that life bestows upon all human beings. The problem lies in the difference of children raised by single parents